Archive for February, 2010
Help on my Science Project! Would someone tell me a great, detailed definition of the disease Osteoporosis?
Friday, February 12th, 2010
Shindosu Y asked:
Also, would someone tell me a great, easy medical definition of what happens in your body when you have Osteoporosis? Please Help!!
Candy Vending Machines
Also, would someone tell me a great, easy medical definition of what happens in your body when you have Osteoporosis? Please Help!!
Candy Vending Machines
Osteoporosis and interventions for vertebral fracture
Thursday, February 11th, 2010
dr pankaj n surange asked:
ng>Osteoporosis and interventions for vertebral fracture
World osteoporosis month
Osteoporosis:
Interventions to manage vertebral fractures
Dr (Maj) Pankaj N Surange
MBBS, MD, FIP
Interventional pain and spine specialist
Some important facts about osteoporosis
• Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, disruption of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, and compromised bone strength which leads to an increased risk for fracture.
• Bone strength is a product of both bone density and bone quality. Bone density is expressed as grams of mineral per area or volume; bone quality refers to factors such as architecture, turnover, damage accumulation (e.g., microfractures), and mineralization
• Osteoporosis is common among menopausal women but is often clinically silent until a fragility fracture occurs. Osteoporosis is also being recognized with increasing frequency in older men.
• After peak bone mass is reached, the bone remodeling process is in a state of equilibrium until menopause. Cessation of estrogen production leads to rapid bone loss of approximately 2% to 3% per year in the spine for up to 6 to 8 years, which accounts for 50% of the total spinal bone loss among normal women .This is then followed by a slower rate of bone loss (0.5%/year), which is attributed to aging.
• Even among men, it is now known that estrogen deficiency plays a big role in bone loss, perhaps an even bigger role than played by testosterone . Studies among osteoporotic males have shown a closer correlation between estradiol levels and bone mineral density (BMD) than testosterone and BMD. A finding that men with osteoporosis may have low estradiol yet normal testosterone levels further supported this correlation.
• Clinically, osteoporosis is diagnosed when bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced or when fragility fractures (ie, fractures after little or no trauma) occur.
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is by far the best standardized technique and is preferred for diagnosing osteoporosis and monitoring responses to therapy. BMD assessment by DXA has been used by the World Health Organization to define osteopenia and osteoporosis
Normal BMD T-score –1
Low bone mass (osteopenia) BMD T-score < –1 and > –2.5
Osteoporosis BMD T-score –2.5
Severe osteoporosis BMD T-score –2.5 with one or more fragility fractures
• The most common misuse of the WHO criteria is applying it to nonwhite postmenopausal populations. The fracture risk/T-score relationship used for these criteria was derived solely from a database of white, postmenopausal women. Thus, the criteria cannot be taken to mean or suggest the same fracture risk when the individual being measured is male, premenopausal, or nonwhite.
• The T-scores obtained from peripheral sites do not have the same fracture implication as those obtained with central machines.
• Degenerative changes in the spine are exceedingly common among the elderly. These are seen as sclerotic changes in the facets and discs as well as osteophyte formation. They elevate BMD and may lead to falsely normal BMD and T-scores in the spine.
• Vertebrae with compression fractures are denser than normal vertebrae and would have higher T-scores. It would be a big mistake to withhold therapy for a patient who appears to have normal T-scores due to compression fractures.
The most common osteoporosis-related fractures involve the thoracic and lumbar spine, the hip, and the distal radius.
Biochemical evaluation
Successful management of osteoporosis requires a careful choice of biochemical tests to determine the presence of secondary causes of osteoporosis. At a minimum, laboratory evaluation should include a complete blood cell count, serum chemistry panel, liver function tests, and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and calcium determinations.
Complete Blood Count
Complete blood count (CBC) tests can detect anemia, which can be seen in many secondary causes of osteoporosis; these include celiac sprue and other malabsorptive states, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney failure, metastatic bone disease, and multiple myeloma.
KFT
Renal insufficiency often leads to a deficiency in 1–25 OH vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism, which must be addressed prior to initiation of osteoporosis therapy. Bisphosphonates are contraindicated when GFR falls below 30 mg/24 hours
Liver Function Tests
An alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test is the most cost-effective way to screen for liver disease among osteoporotic patients. Elevated ALT levels suggest liver dysfunction, which, regardless of the cause, increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Serum calcium
Postmenopausal women as a group are commonly affected by primary hyperparathyroidism .A serum calcium determination adequately screens for this disorder
Treatment of osteoporosis
The essentials of management for most forms of osteoporosis include the following:
• Lifestyle modifications.
• Nutritional interventions.
• Pharmacologic therapies.
• Interventional procedures for vertebral fractures
Lifestyle Modifications
Safety of the patient’s immediate environment to prevent falls and fractures, eliminating habits that are deleterious to skeletal integrity and that can contribute to falls
Discontinue smoking and alcohol consumption.
Weight-bearing exercise program
In patients with inflammatory diseases who are receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy and are at risk for osteoporosis, an exercise and physical therapy program is imperative
Nutritional Interventions
Nutritional interventions for osteoporosis should assure that the diet plus supplements provide at least 1200 mg of elemental calcium per day and up to 1500 mg in high-risk patients over the age of 70 with established disease or with steroid-induced osteoporosis.
Pharmacologic Therapy
Drugs for osteoporosis can be divided into two major classes: antiresorptive and anabolic agents. Antiresorptive agents inhibit bone resorption, mainly through their action on osteoclasts, whereas anabolic agents stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and activity.
Antiresorptive Therapy
Bisphosphonates
These pyrophosphate analogues bind to hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone, are taken up by osteoclasts in the bone, and exert their action by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway, subsequently leading to inhibition of osteoclast function and increase in rates of apoptosis. Oral bioavailability is generally low, only 1% to 3%, and is greatly inhibited by food, calcium, iron supplements, and drinks. Patients must be advised to take this medication in the morning, to withhold food and drinks to ensure good absorption, and to remain upright for at least 30 minutes.
• • Bisphosphonates
Alendronate 5 mg/d or 35 mg/wk for prevention of osteoporosis; 10 mg/d or 70 mg/wk for treatment of postmenopausal, male, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Risedronate 5 mg/d or 35 mg/wk for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Ibandronate:2.5 mg /d or 150 mg/month .or 3mg iv 03 monthly
Raloxifene
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, with agonistic effects on bone. The major efficacy trial for raloxifene was the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Trial. The LS BMD increase over the 3-year study period was 2% to 3%, and vertebral fracture reduction rates in women with and without preexisting fractures were 50% and 30%, respectively.
Calcitonin
Because of its modest effect on BMD, and small fracture risk reduction, calcitonin is rarely used as first-line therapy; rather, owing to its mild analgesic effects, this drug is more commonly used now as an adjunctive therapy after an acute vertebral fracture, usually combined with a stronger antiresorptive.
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was the original antiresorptive therapy used for osteoporosis. However, current controversies centered on increased breast cancer, and cardiovascular risks have resulted in a marked decline in use for osteoporosis indications.
Anabolic Therapy
Teriparatide
Synthetic human parathyroid hormone [PTH (1–34)], or teriparatide, is an anabolic agent that has been approved for postmenopausal and male sosteoporosis treatment
Combination Therapy
Trials that have studied combination therapy for osteoporosis had BMD and not fracture risk reduction as the primary endpoint. Thus, although the effects appear to be additive, it is unknown whether there is indeed a greater reduction in fracture risk when two agents are combined.
Interventional procedures for vertebral fractures
Kyphophasty and Vertebroplasty
These two surgical modalities have been reported to successfully relieve pain from acute compression fractures and decrease kyphosis slightly .The procedures entail injection of polymethylmethacralate or bone cement directly into the fractured vertebra in vertebroplasty, and into a balloon within the vertebra, in kyphoplasty.
Vertebroplasty is a percutaneous procedure with a low complication rate that provides immediate and long-¬term pain relief to patients suffering from chronic ver¬tebral compression fracture pain. Vertebro¬plasty is a minimally invasive procedure that not only provides immediate relief but continued and prolonged relief that may increase the patient’s daily activity level, which in turn helps provide a better quality of life. In several studies it has been shown that in more than 90% cases it provide immediate pain relief.
Some of the potential complications include leakage of the cement into the spine, surrounding structures, and vessels.
Modern Lighting Choices
ng>Osteoporosis and interventions for vertebral fracture
World osteoporosis month
Osteoporosis:
Interventions to manage vertebral fractures
Dr (Maj) Pankaj N Surange
MBBS, MD, FIP
Interventional pain and spine specialist
Some important facts about osteoporosis
• Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, disruption of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, and compromised bone strength which leads to an increased risk for fracture.
• Bone strength is a product of both bone density and bone quality. Bone density is expressed as grams of mineral per area or volume; bone quality refers to factors such as architecture, turnover, damage accumulation (e.g., microfractures), and mineralization
• Osteoporosis is common among menopausal women but is often clinically silent until a fragility fracture occurs. Osteoporosis is also being recognized with increasing frequency in older men.
• After peak bone mass is reached, the bone remodeling process is in a state of equilibrium until menopause. Cessation of estrogen production leads to rapid bone loss of approximately 2% to 3% per year in the spine for up to 6 to 8 years, which accounts for 50% of the total spinal bone loss among normal women .This is then followed by a slower rate of bone loss (0.5%/year), which is attributed to aging.
• Even among men, it is now known that estrogen deficiency plays a big role in bone loss, perhaps an even bigger role than played by testosterone . Studies among osteoporotic males have shown a closer correlation between estradiol levels and bone mineral density (BMD) than testosterone and BMD. A finding that men with osteoporosis may have low estradiol yet normal testosterone levels further supported this correlation.
• Clinically, osteoporosis is diagnosed when bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced or when fragility fractures (ie, fractures after little or no trauma) occur.
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is by far the best standardized technique and is preferred for diagnosing osteoporosis and monitoring responses to therapy. BMD assessment by DXA has been used by the World Health Organization to define osteopenia and osteoporosis
Normal BMD T-score –1
Low bone mass (osteopenia) BMD T-score < –1 and > –2.5
Osteoporosis BMD T-score –2.5
Severe osteoporosis BMD T-score –2.5 with one or more fragility fractures
• The most common misuse of the WHO criteria is applying it to nonwhite postmenopausal populations. The fracture risk/T-score relationship used for these criteria was derived solely from a database of white, postmenopausal women. Thus, the criteria cannot be taken to mean or suggest the same fracture risk when the individual being measured is male, premenopausal, or nonwhite.
• The T-scores obtained from peripheral sites do not have the same fracture implication as those obtained with central machines.
• Degenerative changes in the spine are exceedingly common among the elderly. These are seen as sclerotic changes in the facets and discs as well as osteophyte formation. They elevate BMD and may lead to falsely normal BMD and T-scores in the spine.
• Vertebrae with compression fractures are denser than normal vertebrae and would have higher T-scores. It would be a big mistake to withhold therapy for a patient who appears to have normal T-scores due to compression fractures.
The most common osteoporosis-related fractures involve the thoracic and lumbar spine, the hip, and the distal radius.
Biochemical evaluation
Successful management of osteoporosis requires a careful choice of biochemical tests to determine the presence of secondary causes of osteoporosis. At a minimum, laboratory evaluation should include a complete blood cell count, serum chemistry panel, liver function tests, and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and calcium determinations.
Complete Blood Count
Complete blood count (CBC) tests can detect anemia, which can be seen in many secondary causes of osteoporosis; these include celiac sprue and other malabsorptive states, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney failure, metastatic bone disease, and multiple myeloma.
KFT
Renal insufficiency often leads to a deficiency in 1–25 OH vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism, which must be addressed prior to initiation of osteoporosis therapy. Bisphosphonates are contraindicated when GFR falls below 30 mg/24 hours
Liver Function Tests
An alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test is the most cost-effective way to screen for liver disease among osteoporotic patients. Elevated ALT levels suggest liver dysfunction, which, regardless of the cause, increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Serum calcium
Postmenopausal women as a group are commonly affected by primary hyperparathyroidism .A serum calcium determination adequately screens for this disorder
Treatment of osteoporosis
The essentials of management for most forms of osteoporosis include the following:
• Lifestyle modifications.
• Nutritional interventions.
• Pharmacologic therapies.
• Interventional procedures for vertebral fractures
Lifestyle Modifications
Safety of the patient’s immediate environment to prevent falls and fractures, eliminating habits that are deleterious to skeletal integrity and that can contribute to falls
Discontinue smoking and alcohol consumption.
Weight-bearing exercise program
In patients with inflammatory diseases who are receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy and are at risk for osteoporosis, an exercise and physical therapy program is imperative
Nutritional Interventions
Nutritional interventions for osteoporosis should assure that the diet plus supplements provide at least 1200 mg of elemental calcium per day and up to 1500 mg in high-risk patients over the age of 70 with established disease or with steroid-induced osteoporosis.
Pharmacologic Therapy
Drugs for osteoporosis can be divided into two major classes: antiresorptive and anabolic agents. Antiresorptive agents inhibit bone resorption, mainly through their action on osteoclasts, whereas anabolic agents stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and activity.
Antiresorptive Therapy
Bisphosphonates
These pyrophosphate analogues bind to hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone, are taken up by osteoclasts in the bone, and exert their action by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway, subsequently leading to inhibition of osteoclast function and increase in rates of apoptosis. Oral bioavailability is generally low, only 1% to 3%, and is greatly inhibited by food, calcium, iron supplements, and drinks. Patients must be advised to take this medication in the morning, to withhold food and drinks to ensure good absorption, and to remain upright for at least 30 minutes.
• • Bisphosphonates
Alendronate 5 mg/d or 35 mg/wk for prevention of osteoporosis; 10 mg/d or 70 mg/wk for treatment of postmenopausal, male, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Risedronate 5 mg/d or 35 mg/wk for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Ibandronate:2.5 mg /d or 150 mg/month .or 3mg iv 03 monthly
Raloxifene
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, with agonistic effects on bone. The major efficacy trial for raloxifene was the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Trial. The LS BMD increase over the 3-year study period was 2% to 3%, and vertebral fracture reduction rates in women with and without preexisting fractures were 50% and 30%, respectively.
Calcitonin
Because of its modest effect on BMD, and small fracture risk reduction, calcitonin is rarely used as first-line therapy; rather, owing to its mild analgesic effects, this drug is more commonly used now as an adjunctive therapy after an acute vertebral fracture, usually combined with a stronger antiresorptive.
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was the original antiresorptive therapy used for osteoporosis. However, current controversies centered on increased breast cancer, and cardiovascular risks have resulted in a marked decline in use for osteoporosis indications.
Anabolic Therapy
Teriparatide
Synthetic human parathyroid hormone [PTH (1–34)], or teriparatide, is an anabolic agent that has been approved for postmenopausal and male sosteoporosis treatment
Combination Therapy
Trials that have studied combination therapy for osteoporosis had BMD and not fracture risk reduction as the primary endpoint. Thus, although the effects appear to be additive, it is unknown whether there is indeed a greater reduction in fracture risk when two agents are combined.
Interventional procedures for vertebral fractures
Kyphophasty and Vertebroplasty
These two surgical modalities have been reported to successfully relieve pain from acute compression fractures and decrease kyphosis slightly .The procedures entail injection of polymethylmethacralate or bone cement directly into the fractured vertebra in vertebroplasty, and into a balloon within the vertebra, in kyphoplasty.
Vertebroplasty is a percutaneous procedure with a low complication rate that provides immediate and long-¬term pain relief to patients suffering from chronic ver¬tebral compression fracture pain. Vertebro¬plasty is a minimally invasive procedure that not only provides immediate relief but continued and prolonged relief that may increase the patient’s daily activity level, which in turn helps provide a better quality of life. In several studies it has been shown that in more than 90% cases it provide immediate pain relief.
Some of the potential complications include leakage of the cement into the spine, surrounding structures, and vessels.
Modern Lighting Choices
Bone and Calcium Metabolism: Prevention of Osteoporosis
Tuesday, February 9th, 2010
Dr Murray Fox asked:
Bone metabolism in the human body is a very dynamic process. There is a constant lying down of bone by cells called osteoblasts and resorbtion of bone by cells called osteoclasts. Initially the osteoblasts work much harder and faster that the osteoclasts and bone is laid down to facilitate growth.
Each person has a genetically determined peak bone mass which is attained in their twenties. By age 17 ninety percent of the bone mass has been obtained. The consequence of bone loss is the development of very weak and fragile bones, a medical condition known as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is associated with compression fracture of the bones of the spine called vertebra(ae) and fracture of the hip. While these fractures from osteoporosis may be painful and cause shortening of stature, even difficulty breathing, the major consequence is complications and even death from surgical repair of the hip fracture.
Calcium and Vitamin D Play a Critical Role
Adequate calcium, exercise and vitamin D are required to attain and maintain bone mass. This is important in the prevention of osteoporosis. Current data indicates that the majority of children do not receive adequate amounts of calcium or vitamin D.
Recommended amount of calcium vary for individuals.
Below is a table of adequate intakes as outlined by the National Academy of Science.
Recommended Calcium Intakes
Ages Amount mg/day
Birth–6 months 210
6 months–1 year 270
1–3 500
4–8 800
9–13 1300
14–18 1300
19–30 1000
31–50 1000
51–70 1200
70 or older 1200
Pregnant & Lactating 1000
14–18 1300
19–50 1000
Role of Vitamin D
Vitamin D also plays an important role in healthy bone development. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium (this is why milk is fortified with vitamin D). In the past many people depended on the sun’s effect on the skin to make vitamin D. Since more emphasis has been place on sunscreen, there is less sun effect and a greater need for vitamin D supplement. The exact amount of vitamin D required is being debated, but the consensus is that Americans are generally deficient in vitamin D and require greater amounts than originally thought. 800 international units to 1000 international units is the current recommendation for adults.
Certain medical conditions may limit the amount of calcium that may be ingested. As always, consulting your physician is suggested regarding your personal specific calcium needs.
Exercise is Necessary to Maintain Bone Health
Weight bearing exercise (walking, running, etc.) is an excellent stimulus for bone growth. Current recommendations are:
Adults: Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity [on] most, preferably all, days of the week
Children: Engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate physical activity [on] most, preferably all, days of the week
Bone Mineral Density
The evaluation of bone strength, the about of calcium in the bone, is measured by a dual density densitometer. The purpose of this is to measure the exact bone mineral density of the spinal vertebrae, usually the four lumbar (lower back) vertebrae, and the femur, the large thigh bone that connects to the pelvis in the hip socket.
The bone mineral density (BMD) is usually expressed as a “T” score which is a comparison of the patients BMD to a young person. A “T” score that is - 1 or higher is considered normal. A “T” score of - 2.5 or lower is considered osteoporosis. A “T” score between – 1 and – 2.5 is called osteopenia – a softening of the bone.
Bone mineral density testing should be recommended to all postmenopausal women aged 65 years or older. Bone mineral density testing may be recommended to postmenopausal women younger than 65 years who have 1 or more risk factors for osteoporosis (See Below). Bone mineral density testing should be performed on all postmenopausal women with fractures to confirm the diagnosis of osteoporosis and determine disease severity.
Risk Factors for Osteoporotic Fracture in Postmenopausal Women
• History of prior fracture
• Family history of osteoporosis
• Caucasian race
• Dementia
• Poor nutrition
• Smoking
• Low weight and body mass index
• Estrogen deficiency*
o Early menopause (age younger than 45 years) or bilateral oophorectomy
o Prolonged premenopausal amenorrhea (>1 year)
• Long-term low calcium intake
• Alcoholism
• Impaired eyesight despite adequate correction
• History of falls
• Inadequate physical activity
Bamboo Wind Chimes
Bone metabolism in the human body is a very dynamic process. There is a constant lying down of bone by cells called osteoblasts and resorbtion of bone by cells called osteoclasts. Initially the osteoblasts work much harder and faster that the osteoclasts and bone is laid down to facilitate growth.
Each person has a genetically determined peak bone mass which is attained in their twenties. By age 17 ninety percent of the bone mass has been obtained. The consequence of bone loss is the development of very weak and fragile bones, a medical condition known as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is associated with compression fracture of the bones of the spine called vertebra(ae) and fracture of the hip. While these fractures from osteoporosis may be painful and cause shortening of stature, even difficulty breathing, the major consequence is complications and even death from surgical repair of the hip fracture.
Calcium and Vitamin D Play a Critical Role
Adequate calcium, exercise and vitamin D are required to attain and maintain bone mass. This is important in the prevention of osteoporosis. Current data indicates that the majority of children do not receive adequate amounts of calcium or vitamin D.
Recommended amount of calcium vary for individuals.
Below is a table of adequate intakes as outlined by the National Academy of Science.
Recommended Calcium Intakes
Ages Amount mg/day
Birth–6 months 210
6 months–1 year 270
1–3 500
4–8 800
9–13 1300
14–18 1300
19–30 1000
31–50 1000
51–70 1200
70 or older 1200
Pregnant & Lactating 1000
14–18 1300
19–50 1000
Role of Vitamin D
Vitamin D also plays an important role in healthy bone development. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium (this is why milk is fortified with vitamin D). In the past many people depended on the sun’s effect on the skin to make vitamin D. Since more emphasis has been place on sunscreen, there is less sun effect and a greater need for vitamin D supplement. The exact amount of vitamin D required is being debated, but the consensus is that Americans are generally deficient in vitamin D and require greater amounts than originally thought. 800 international units to 1000 international units is the current recommendation for adults.
Certain medical conditions may limit the amount of calcium that may be ingested. As always, consulting your physician is suggested regarding your personal specific calcium needs.
Exercise is Necessary to Maintain Bone Health
Weight bearing exercise (walking, running, etc.) is an excellent stimulus for bone growth. Current recommendations are:
Adults: Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity [on] most, preferably all, days of the week
Children: Engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate physical activity [on] most, preferably all, days of the week
Bone Mineral Density
The evaluation of bone strength, the about of calcium in the bone, is measured by a dual density densitometer. The purpose of this is to measure the exact bone mineral density of the spinal vertebrae, usually the four lumbar (lower back) vertebrae, and the femur, the large thigh bone that connects to the pelvis in the hip socket.
The bone mineral density (BMD) is usually expressed as a “T” score which is a comparison of the patients BMD to a young person. A “T” score that is - 1 or higher is considered normal. A “T” score of - 2.5 or lower is considered osteoporosis. A “T” score between – 1 and – 2.5 is called osteopenia – a softening of the bone.
Bone mineral density testing should be recommended to all postmenopausal women aged 65 years or older. Bone mineral density testing may be recommended to postmenopausal women younger than 65 years who have 1 or more risk factors for osteoporosis (See Below). Bone mineral density testing should be performed on all postmenopausal women with fractures to confirm the diagnosis of osteoporosis and determine disease severity.
Risk Factors for Osteoporotic Fracture in Postmenopausal Women
• History of prior fracture
• Family history of osteoporosis
• Caucasian race
• Dementia
• Poor nutrition
• Smoking
• Low weight and body mass index
• Estrogen deficiency*
o Early menopause (age younger than 45 years) or bilateral oophorectomy
o Prolonged premenopausal amenorrhea (>1 year)
• Long-term low calcium intake
• Alcoholism
• Impaired eyesight despite adequate correction
• History of falls
• Inadequate physical activity
Bamboo Wind Chimes
Osteoporosis and Healthy Living
Tuesday, February 9th, 2010
Julie asked:
More than twenty five-million people are affected with osteoporosis. The only way that we are going to be able to rapidly decrease those numbers is through awareness and healthy living. There are many factors that contribute to getting osteoporosis and there are even more risk factors that make it harder for us to avoid this very serious condition. I hope you will join me in the fight to live a happier and healthier tomorrow by taking on healthier living practices today. In this article we will discuss ways that will improve your overall health and make you feel like a newer you.
I know you may get tired of hearing that through healthy eating habits and exercise you can live a better life but it is true and the only way to get it to sink is to keep repeating it. Practice makes perfect. Osteoporosis is a condition that affects not only the person who is suffering from it but everyone around them. In order to get your condition under control, there are things that you have to do in order to condition your body.
Prevention of osteoporosis starts when we are young. For some of you it may be too late but you can always pass this information along with the hopes of helping another person. When we were younger, no one really thought about maximizing bone density. Our parents were more concerned that our teeth were brushed, rooms were cleaned and we ate all our vegetables. The kids of today have more of an advantage over us because they have unlimited resources to research the conditions and diseases that we are suffering from.
I don’t want to scare you ladies but you need to know that osteoporosis is a serious disease which can lead to the loss of mobility and to an early death. Two great things you should know are that osteoporosis can be prevented and treated before it leads to that. I want to encourage and urge you to start healthier habits today.
Get up and let’s go for a walk. What I need you to realize is that you do not have to do a lot of strenuous exercises or eat a lot of “extra healthy” food in order to treat your osteoporosis. The most basic exercise that you can do that will not cost you anything is walking. In terms of a healthy diet, you can consult with your physician about the things that you like to eat versus the foods that may be better for you. I am sure between the two lists, you and your doctor can make a few compromises to ensure you stick to your diet.
Your life and the lives of others like yourselves are in your hands. People like to follow what others are doing so lead with a positive and healthy example. The pain you may feel due to your osteoporosis is only a temporary feeling compared to the pain your family and friends will feel if they were to lose you.
How To Administer Cpr
More than twenty five-million people are affected with osteoporosis. The only way that we are going to be able to rapidly decrease those numbers is through awareness and healthy living. There are many factors that contribute to getting osteoporosis and there are even more risk factors that make it harder for us to avoid this very serious condition. I hope you will join me in the fight to live a happier and healthier tomorrow by taking on healthier living practices today. In this article we will discuss ways that will improve your overall health and make you feel like a newer you.
I know you may get tired of hearing that through healthy eating habits and exercise you can live a better life but it is true and the only way to get it to sink is to keep repeating it. Practice makes perfect. Osteoporosis is a condition that affects not only the person who is suffering from it but everyone around them. In order to get your condition under control, there are things that you have to do in order to condition your body.
Prevention of osteoporosis starts when we are young. For some of you it may be too late but you can always pass this information along with the hopes of helping another person. When we were younger, no one really thought about maximizing bone density. Our parents were more concerned that our teeth were brushed, rooms were cleaned and we ate all our vegetables. The kids of today have more of an advantage over us because they have unlimited resources to research the conditions and diseases that we are suffering from.
I don’t want to scare you ladies but you need to know that osteoporosis is a serious disease which can lead to the loss of mobility and to an early death. Two great things you should know are that osteoporosis can be prevented and treated before it leads to that. I want to encourage and urge you to start healthier habits today.
Get up and let’s go for a walk. What I need you to realize is that you do not have to do a lot of strenuous exercises or eat a lot of “extra healthy” food in order to treat your osteoporosis. The most basic exercise that you can do that will not cost you anything is walking. In terms of a healthy diet, you can consult with your physician about the things that you like to eat versus the foods that may be better for you. I am sure between the two lists, you and your doctor can make a few compromises to ensure you stick to your diet.
Your life and the lives of others like yourselves are in your hands. People like to follow what others are doing so lead with a positive and healthy example. The pain you may feel due to your osteoporosis is only a temporary feeling compared to the pain your family and friends will feel if they were to lose you.
How To Administer Cpr
Osteoporosis Treatment - 7 Ways on How to Prevent Osteoporosis
Monday, February 8th, 2010
Xylene Belita asked:
Osteoporosis treatment is difficult when it already emerges in the body. Thus, while you are still young, be vigilant and start doing some habits to prevent from having it. These are the precautionary actions that you need to do on how to prevent Osteoporosis.
1. Hold back from smoking and drinking.
2. Eat healthy.
3. Drink milk habitually.
4. Regular calcium intake.
5. Exercise.
6. Regular checkup.
7. Evade from eating junk food as much as possible.
If you begin to feel lower back ache and neck pain, meet with your doctor for check up. Untreated Osteoporosis can lead to bone deformation which is usually your backbone. This will hinder you from doing a lot of things even regular tasks because you might break your bone. Adopt the adage, “prevention is much better than cure”, because there is a sense to that saying. In fact, finding out how to prevent Osteoporosis before it occurs is the best thing you can do.
Consequently, if parents teach their kids to love milk and drink a good amount while they are young, this will strengthen their bone and safeguard it from Osteoporosis in the later part of their lives. There are varied calcium products in the market such as milk, yogurt, cheese, ice cream, salmon fish, green and leafy vegetables, sardines, squash, almonds and juices.
Women in particular have to be cognizant with their health. They have to guard their body because genetically women are susceptible to a lot of diseases. Prepare your bone to engage with stress through exercising your body. A well fit body becomes tough in facing particular sickness that will strike your body. Follow the tips on how to prevent Osteoporosis while you still have time.
You can prevent Osteoporosis before it strikes you. Take the multi-vitamin for women on How To Prevent Osteoporosis.
Trane Heat Pumps
Osteoporosis treatment is difficult when it already emerges in the body. Thus, while you are still young, be vigilant and start doing some habits to prevent from having it. These are the precautionary actions that you need to do on how to prevent Osteoporosis.
1. Hold back from smoking and drinking.
2. Eat healthy.
3. Drink milk habitually.
4. Regular calcium intake.
5. Exercise.
6. Regular checkup.
7. Evade from eating junk food as much as possible.
If you begin to feel lower back ache and neck pain, meet with your doctor for check up. Untreated Osteoporosis can lead to bone deformation which is usually your backbone. This will hinder you from doing a lot of things even regular tasks because you might break your bone. Adopt the adage, “prevention is much better than cure”, because there is a sense to that saying. In fact, finding out how to prevent Osteoporosis before it occurs is the best thing you can do.
Consequently, if parents teach their kids to love milk and drink a good amount while they are young, this will strengthen their bone and safeguard it from Osteoporosis in the later part of their lives. There are varied calcium products in the market such as milk, yogurt, cheese, ice cream, salmon fish, green and leafy vegetables, sardines, squash, almonds and juices.
Women in particular have to be cognizant with their health. They have to guard their body because genetically women are susceptible to a lot of diseases. Prepare your bone to engage with stress through exercising your body. A well fit body becomes tough in facing particular sickness that will strike your body. Follow the tips on how to prevent Osteoporosis while you still have time.
You can prevent Osteoporosis before it strikes you. Take the multi-vitamin for women on How To Prevent Osteoporosis.
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Osteoporosis Management
Monday, February 8th, 2010
webmaster asked:
Osteoporosis Overview
Osteoporosis is a health condition in which the thickness of the bones is reduced and they become more prone to fracture. The bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced significantly which disrupts the bone micro architecture and alters the number of non-collagenous proteins in the bone. Osteoporosis results in fragile, porous, and week bones. The components like protein, collagen, and calcium that make the bones and give them the strength are lessened and this causes osteoporosis. Osteoporosis can cause the bones to break, crack, or collapse even by a small injury. The common areas in which the serious fractures occur are spine, hips, and wrists. Women are more prone Osteoporosis especially when they have reached their menopause stage. The condition is called postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis can occur in both men and women.
Common Symptoms of Osteoporosis
There are no particular symptoms of Osteoporosis apart from fractures in different skeleton bones. Sometimes this bone disease is not detected for years and patients are not aware of their condition until the problem is serious or there is a server painful fracture. Osteoporosis can be identified from the areas in which the fractures occur.
• Spine fractures that result in severe back pain and hunched-back can be Osteoporosis
• Minimal trauma fracture occurred in course of normal activity can be a sign of Osteoporosis
• Hip fractures caused due to falling or a trivial accident can be a symptom of Osteoporosis
Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Prevention is the treatment of osteoporosis as there is nothing that can completely rebuild the bones. Early detection can help to reduce the risk of fractures and taking adequate amount of calcium and vitamin can help to increase bone density and strength. Medications that can help to make the bones strong, such as alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), raloxifene (Evista), ibandronate (Boniva), calcitonin (Calcimar), and zoledronate (Reclast) can be helpful for osteoporosis patients.
Some of the preventive measures that an osteoporosis patient must take are:
• Take a protein and calcium rich balance diet and exercise regularly.
• Curtail alcohol intake and quit cigarette smoking.
• Intake of calcium supplements can help in building strong and healthy bones.
Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA) is the most common process that is used to diagnosis osteoporosis. In addition to this certain blood tests and X-rays are done to check the acuteness of the problem. All tests must be performed by highly experienced doctors, who have complete knowledge of the disease and are experts in the field.
For more details visit http://www.milehighobgyn.com.
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Osteoporosis Overview
Osteoporosis is a health condition in which the thickness of the bones is reduced and they become more prone to fracture. The bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced significantly which disrupts the bone micro architecture and alters the number of non-collagenous proteins in the bone. Osteoporosis results in fragile, porous, and week bones. The components like protein, collagen, and calcium that make the bones and give them the strength are lessened and this causes osteoporosis. Osteoporosis can cause the bones to break, crack, or collapse even by a small injury. The common areas in which the serious fractures occur are spine, hips, and wrists. Women are more prone Osteoporosis especially when they have reached their menopause stage. The condition is called postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis can occur in both men and women.
Common Symptoms of Osteoporosis
There are no particular symptoms of Osteoporosis apart from fractures in different skeleton bones. Sometimes this bone disease is not detected for years and patients are not aware of their condition until the problem is serious or there is a server painful fracture. Osteoporosis can be identified from the areas in which the fractures occur.
• Spine fractures that result in severe back pain and hunched-back can be Osteoporosis
• Minimal trauma fracture occurred in course of normal activity can be a sign of Osteoporosis
• Hip fractures caused due to falling or a trivial accident can be a symptom of Osteoporosis
Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Prevention is the treatment of osteoporosis as there is nothing that can completely rebuild the bones. Early detection can help to reduce the risk of fractures and taking adequate amount of calcium and vitamin can help to increase bone density and strength. Medications that can help to make the bones strong, such as alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), raloxifene (Evista), ibandronate (Boniva), calcitonin (Calcimar), and zoledronate (Reclast) can be helpful for osteoporosis patients.
Some of the preventive measures that an osteoporosis patient must take are:
• Take a protein and calcium rich balance diet and exercise regularly.
• Curtail alcohol intake and quit cigarette smoking.
• Intake of calcium supplements can help in building strong and healthy bones.
Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA) is the most common process that is used to diagnosis osteoporosis. In addition to this certain blood tests and X-rays are done to check the acuteness of the problem. All tests must be performed by highly experienced doctors, who have complete knowledge of the disease and are experts in the field.
For more details visit http://www.milehighobgyn.com.
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Do you think I have the onset of osteoporosis at 32?
Sunday, February 7th, 2010
Vivianna asked:
I noticed that some of my teeth are cracked and one tooth is broken and I don’t know what to do because I can’t afford to go to the dentist. Do you think I could have the onset of osteoporosis at my age. I’ve had two children and breast feed both could my bones be deteriorating too this early?
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I noticed that some of my teeth are cracked and one tooth is broken and I don’t know what to do because I can’t afford to go to the dentist. Do you think I could have the onset of osteoporosis at my age. I’ve had two children and breast feed both could my bones be deteriorating too this early?
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Is the Viridian Echinacea Root & Leaf extract safe for diabetes and osteoporosis?
Saturday, February 6th, 2010
XXX asked:
I want to give my father the Viridian Echinacea Root & Leaf extract, but im not sure whether it’s okay for him. He has diabetes and osteoporosis, and you must always be careful with these things. Is it safe for him?
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I want to give my father the Viridian Echinacea Root & Leaf extract, but im not sure whether it’s okay for him. He has diabetes and osteoporosis, and you must always be careful with these things. Is it safe for him?
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Can Osteoporosis or Osteopenia cause a compression fracture in the spinal vertebrae?
Thursday, February 4th, 2010
Kim S asked:
Does anyone know the most common causes of compression fractures of the cervical vertebrae? My mother was recently diagnosed with a compression fracture in her spinal cord at C7 (neck area).
Does anyone know the most common causes of compression fractures of the cervical vertebrae? My mother was recently diagnosed with a compression fracture in her spinal cord at C7 (neck area).
She was Dx w/osteopenia 4 years ago, but hasn’t taken any steps to prevent further progression other than calcium supplements (and not routinely). She has a history of bone fractures, as she fractured her wrist about 2 years ago in a minor fall.
She has yearly mammograms and had lung X-rays taken last year as part of her annual physical. Everything was fine: no traces of cancer in either place. She is 64 y/o, caucasian, non-smoker, healthy and active, and other than having hypothyroidism, she has no other history of disease.
Her recent MRI did not reveal any type of tumor at the sight, however, they want to do further testing to make sure she doesn’t have a malignancy anywhere else in her body. Apparently many cancers can matastasize in the spine.
What are the chances this compression fracture is due to a lack of bone density and NOT to an unidentified malignancy elsewhere in the body?
Please sight any references, if possible.
Thanks for your help.
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